The Celestial Case: Does the UK Regulation Render Confirmer’s Payment Illegal?

International Trade and the Strait of Hormuz: Disruptions, Risks, and Systemic Challenges

International trade depends on two inseparable flows: the movement of goods and the movement of money. When goods stop moving, payments stop moving — and when both stall, global trade seizes up. The near total closure of the Strait of Hormuz has exposed this reality with exceptional clarity.