In the latest installment of his article series on originality of paper and electronic documents, Pavel Andrle addresses practical use of the current ICC rules and matters he believes need clarified to better facilitate use of electronic records in trade finance.
Because standbys and demand guarantees often contain automatic extension clauses, ICC Opinion TA954 offers important lessons for practice and the need for sound drafting of such clauses.
The September 2025 bankruptcy filing of First Brands has thrust supply chain finance into the industry spotlight again. Supply chain specialist Tat Yeen Yap explains how certain forms of SCF techniques work and addresses whether they can give rise to opaque accounting and hidden financial debt.
Practice rules for independent undertakings do not address "pay and walk" clauses that are being used in some regions and shunned by others. Here, David Williams puts forth an alternative option for consideration.
The auto-extension clause used in a UCP 600 standby that gave rise to ICC Opinion TA954 illustrates the serious concerns that can emerge when ambiguous wording is inserted in a credit. Li Huang identifies and examines issues to consider.
France adopted law aligned with the UN Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records in 2024. As of August 2025, it now a degree which defines technical criteria for a reliable method to achieve the goals of the MLETR.
In many respects, the MLEC served as a starting point for treatment of electronic transport documents in the MLETR. This article explains the consistency of some provisions contained in the two Model Laws and areas where the MLETR differs and has advanced further.
URDG 758 and the UN Guarantee Convention both address independent guarantees and in many respects their content is similar, but differences exist in their areas of focus.
The Indian judicial process can move at a sluggish pace, but the facts of this LC case suggest it should not have lingered. Ashish Madan considers the discrepancies and asks questions if other factors contributed to the delay.
Enactment of the 2022 Amendments to the Uniform Commercial Code updates New York’s commercial law to fully recognize electronic records. They also affirm that signed electronic letters of credit have the same legal effect as paper-based LCs.
