With regard to how fraud may disturb a bank's obligation to honour under an independent undertaking, courts have used various qualifiers to describe the level necessary. In his expansive article, Dr. Alan Davidson explores the concept of "Letter of Credit Fraud" under law and in the courts.
Surrendered bills of lading are not addressed in UCP or ISBP, so ICC was approached to opine on the topic. Kim Sindberg details the initial ask and the guidance ultimately given.
Over-insurance is not cause for concern under the UCP 600 practice rules, but it may raise unsettling questions that need addressed from a risk perspective.