With regard to how fraud may disturb a bank's obligation to honour under an independent undertaking, courts have used various qualifiers to describe the level necessary. In his expansive article, Dr. Alan Davidson explores the concept of "Letter of Credit Fraud" under law and in the courts.
Assessing the risk of breaching regulatory and compliance requirements while simultaneously examining for documentary compliance under stringent time pressures has complicated banks’ trade finance operations for years. A UK Supreme Court decision provides a degree of comfort and clarity to banks.