With regard to how fraud may disturb a bank's obligation to honour under an independent undertaking, courts have used various qualifiers to describe the level necessary. In his expansive article, Dr. Alan Davidson explores the concept of "Letter of Credit Fraud" under law and in the courts.
Case from China's Jiangsu High People’s Court involving issuing bank suing carrier for compensation for carrier’s release of cargo against applicant’s letter of indemnity in lieu of original bill of lading contains important lessons for banks.